I. CÔNG THỨC THÌ TƯƠNG LAI
|
Tương lai đơn |
Khẳng định | S + will + verb | I will wash my hair after cooking dinner. |
| Phủ định | S + will not + verb | She will not go to the supermarket with her mother. | |
| Nghi vấn | Will + S + verb?
(Từ để hỏi) will + S + verb? |
Will you go with her?
What will you do when you come to Sarah’s house? |
|
|
Be + going to |
Khẳng định | S + am/is/are going to + verb | She is going to fly to Japan next June. |
| Phủ định | S + am/is/are not going to + verb | They are not going to play basketball. | |
| Nghi vấn | Am/Is/Are + S + going to + verb?
(Từ để hỏi) is/ are + S + going to + verb? |
Is she going to study Korean?
When are you going to study abroad? |
II. CÁCH DÙNG THÌ TƯƠNG LAI TRONG IELTS
– Mô tả dự định của người nói trong Speaking part 1 hoặc part 3 (thường đứng cuối bài nói để nói về nói về những dự định sẽ làm trong tương lai)
Ví dụ:
- Wow, honestly, I think I will have to learn another language such as Japanese or Chinese so that I can have more advantages when applying for jobs. (Speaking part 1)
– Mô tả về dự đoán/ ước muốn/ hy vọng của người nói trong Speaking part 2 hoặc part 3.
- I hope that in the future I will become such a well-dressed person like her. (Speaking part 2 – Describe a well-dressed person that you know)
- I personally hope that carpooling will be a dominant trend in the near future so that we can reduce dangerous gas emission into the atmosphere. (Speaking part 3 – Trong ví dụ này, người nói chỉ đưa ra dự đoán của mình về xu hướng “đi chung xe” – “carpool” trong tương lai nên người nói đã cho thêm từ “personally” để nhấn mạnh rằng đây chỉ là ý kiến cá nhân)
Trong IELTS Writing Task 2, nếu dùng “will” thì chúng ta nên dùng “will be likely to Verb” hoặc “It is likely that + mệnh đề sử dụng ‘will’” để giảm bớt độ khẳng định chắc chắn.
Xem chi tiết bài học nha:
III. MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC KHÁC MANG Ý NGHĨA TƯƠNG LAI
Ta có thể sử dụng một số cấu trúc ngữ pháp khác có chức năng tương tự thì tương lai đơn, diễn đạt hành động, sự việc có khả năng xảy ra trong tương lai như:
| (to be) likely to + V (có khả năng/ có thể) |
I believe that technological innovations such as robots are likely to do most of human’s work in the future. |
| (to be) expected to + V
(được kỳ vọng) |
Artificial intelligence is expected to replace human in most manual work in the near future. |
IV. SỰ KHÁC NHAU GIỮA HAI THÌ
Sự khác biệt giữa thì tương lai đơn và cấu trúc ‘be going to + V’
Điểm khác biệt lớn nhất giữa thì tương lai đơn và cấu trúc ‘be going to + V’ nằm ở khả năng xảy ra của phán đoán, dự đoán của người nói. Vì vậy:
- Sử dụng mẫu ‘be going to + V’ nếu có bằng chứng chứng minh cho phán đoán của mình.
- Sử dụng thì tương lai đơn hoặc các cấu trúc thay thế nếu phán đoán của mình chỉ dựa trên cảm nhận chứ không có bằng chứng hoặc căn cứ rõ ràng.
V. PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Điền vào chỗ trống sử dụng những từ trong bảng sau để hoàn thành một bài Speaking Part 2 hoàn chỉnh.
Question: How would you think the modern technology will change the workplace in the next 100 years?
| are going to feel | are likely to lead to | will have |
| will find | is likely to become | will develop |
| are predicted to work | are likely to occur | will be |
| will continue | are going to happen | will result |
Sample answer:
Thanks to modern technology, there have been enormous changes in the workplace over the past 100 years.
So now let us consider the changes that (1)……………… in the next 100 years. Unfortunately, I believe that not all changes (2)…………for the better. For example, more people (3)………… … from home and so they (4)………… more isolated from their colleagues. On the other hand they (5)………… greater freedom to choose their working hours.
A further possible change is that handwriting (6)…………… obsolete. We are already so used to using a keyboard that today’s children are losing the ability to spell without the aid of a word processor.
Without a doubt, even greater changes (7)…………… in technology used in the workplace. Computers (8)……………… to grow even more powerful and this (9) …………………… in an even faster pace of life than we have now. Let us hope that our employers (10)……………… way to reduce the stress on worker’s this fast pace can bring.
I also think these improvements in technology (11)……………… even more globalization than now and companies (12)………………… very strong international links.
Exercise 2: Chọn đáp án phù hợp nhất cho mỗi câu sau.
1. I completely forget about this. Give me a moment, I………..do it now.
A. will
B. am going
C. is going to
2. Tonight I……….stay at home. I have already told Jimmy to come by and enjoy the new film series with me.
A. be going to
B. will
C. Either A or B
3. I…….fly to Japan next December.
A. am going to
B. will
C. Either A or B
4. If you have any problem, don’t worry. I………help you.
A. will
B. am going to do
C. Either A or B
5. Where are you going?
A. I am going to see a friend.
B. I’ll see a friend.
C. I went to a friend.
6. That’s the phone./ I….answer it.
A. will
B. am going to
C. Either A or B
7. Look at those clouds. It….rain now.
A. will
B. is going to
C Either A or B
8. Tea or coffee?
A. I am going to have tea, please.
B. I’ll have tea, please.
C. I want to drink.
9. Thanks for your offer. But I am OK. John………help me.
A. is going to
B. will
C. Either A or B
10. The weather forecast says it…….rain tomorrow.
A. is going to
B. will
C. Either A or B
Exercise 3: Chia các động từ trong ngoặc để tạo thành một bài IELTS Writing task 1 hoàn chỉnh.
The line graph illustrates the financial position of a New Zealand local authority from 2012 to 2022. It is measured in millions of New Zealand dollars. Overall, it can be seen that while rates revenue and user charges are predicted to increase over the period, borrowings and grants and subsidies (1-remain)…………. much lower.
Rates revenues and user charges (2-follow)………………a very similar pattern over the time frame. Rates revenue stood at just under 1.5 billion in 2012, which was the highest of the four criteria. Though they remained stable until 2013, they are expected to climb to approximately 2.4 billion dollars in 2022. Like rates revenues, use charges are predicted to continuously increase. They began the period at 1 billion and (3- stand)……………..at twice this level by 2022.
Borrowings, on the other hand, are expected to show considerable fluctuation. Although having initially increased, they (4-drop)………………..to a low of 600 million in 2016, before reaching a peak of just under 1.5 billion in 2020. Borrowings (5- finish)……………….the period at around the same level that they began. Grant and subsidies were the lowest of the four, at under 500 million in 2012. Despite moving up to exceed borrowing briefly in 2016, this low level will continue until 2022.
Exercise 4: Chia động từ ở các câu sau.
1. I’m afraid I……………… (not/ be) able to come tomorrow.
2. Because of the train strike, the meeting ……………… (not/ take) place at 9 o’clock.
3. A: “Go and tidy your room.”
B: “Okay. I ……………… (do) it now!”
4. If it rains, we ……………… (not/ go) to the beach.
5. In my opinion, she ……………… (not/ pass) the exam.
6. A: “I’m driving to the party, would you like a lift?”
B: “Thank you but I ……………… (take) the bus.”
7. Look at the sky! It………………(rain) very heavily!
8. The company (hold)………………a very important meeting next month.
9. According to the weather forecast, it ……………… (not/ snow) tomorrow.
10. I think I (go)…………………study abroad.
ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 1
1. are likely to occur
2. will be
3. are predicted to work
4. are going to feel
5. will have
6. is likely to become
7. are going to happen
8. will continue
9. will result
10. will find
11. are likely to lead to
12. will develop
Exercise 2
1A 2B 3A 4A 5A 6A 7B 8B 9C 10C
Exercise 3
1. will remain
2. will follow
3. will stand
4. will drop
5. will finish
Exercise 4
1. will not be
2. will not take
3. will do
4. will not go
5. will not pass
6. will take
7. is going to rain
8. is going to hold
9. is not going to snow
10. am going to
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