1. Vị trí trong câu
– Đứng trước danh từ
Ví dụ: Many countries in the world have focused on sustainable development.
– Đứng sau các động từ như: be, appear, get, become, seem, look, smell, taste, feel…
Ví dụ: Action movies with violent scene seem unsuitable for children.
– Find/ make/ keep + Object + Adj
Ví dụ: I find cooking very relaxing and rewarding.
2. So sánh hơn, so sánh nhất
2.1. Tính từ ngắn (đơn âm)
Đối với tính từ ngắn (đơn âm), ta thêm đuôi –er đối với so sánh hơn và đuôi –est đối với so sánh nhất. Nếu tính từ được hình thành từ phụ âm + nguyên âm đơn + phụ âm (không phải âm câm), phụ âm cuối cùng phải được nhân đôi trước khi thêm đuôi –er hoặc –est.
| Tính từ | So sánh hơn | So sánh nhất |
| short | shorter | the shortest |
| long | longer | the longest |
| thick | thicker | the thickest |
| thin | thinner | the thinnest |
2.2. Tính từ dài (có 2 âm tiết trở lên)
Đối với tính từ có 2 âm tiết, chúng ta chia thành 2 trường hợp:
- So sánh hơn thì thêm đuôi -er, so sánh nhất thì thêm đuôi –est với những từ có tận cùng là –y, -le, -ow. Những từ có đuôi tận cùng bằng –y thì phải đổi “y” thành “i” rồi sau đó mới thêm đuôi.
- So sánh hơn kém thì thêm more/ less trước tính từ, so sánh nhất thì thêm the most/ the least trước tính từ.
| Tính từ | So sánh hơn | So sánh hơn nhất |
| busy | busier | the busiest |
| gentle | gentler | the gentlest |
| narrow | narrower | the narrowest |
| serious | more serious | the most serious |
2.3. Tính từ có từ 3 âm tiết trở lên
Tính từ với ba hoặc nhiều âm tiết tạo thành sự so sánh bằng cách thêm more phía trước tính từ, và đặt most trước tính từ so sánh hơn nhất.
| Tính từ | So sánh hơn | So sánh nhất |
| beautiful | more beautiful | the most beautiful |
| disappointing | more disappointing | the most disappointing |
2.4. Trường hợp ngoại lệ
| Tính từ | So sánh hơn | So sánh nhất |
| good | better | the best |
| bad | worse | the worst |
| far | further / farther | the furthest/ the farthest |
| little | less | the least |
3. Cách hình thành tính từ
Các tính từ được hình thành bằng cách thêm một số hậu tố vào đằng sau một từ gốc.
| Hậu tố | Từ gốc | Tính từ |
| -able | Depend | Dependable |
| -ible | Eat | Edible |
| -ic | Economy | Economic |
| -ing | Interest
Excite |
Interesting
Exciting |
| -ed | Interest
Excite |
Interested
Excited |
| -ful/ -less | Use | Useful/ Useless |
| -ent | Depend | Dependent |
| -ous | Disaster | Disastrous |
| -(i)al | Influence | Influential |
| -ory | Introduce | Introduction -> Introductory |
| -ish | Turkey | Turkish |
| -ly | Friend | Friendly |
| -y | Ease | Easy |
| -ate | Consider | Considerate |
| -ive | Attract | Attractive |
4. Trật tự mô tả trong câu.
Trong trường hợp có nhiều tính từ để mô tả thì chúng ta có một cấu trúc về “thứ tự” cố định của các tính từ trong một câu.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| Op | S | Ph | S | A | C | O | M | P |
| Opinion | Size | Physical | Shape | Age | Color | Origin | Material | Purpose |
| ugly beautiful unique |
big thick tall |
smooth rough thin |
square round heart-shaped |
young old |
– It is a beautiful, old, Chinese lamp.
– My mother has just bought a big, square, black, washing machine.
Exercise 1: Cho dạng đúng của các từ trong ngoặc để tạo thành câu có nghĩa.
1. I hate being around Mary Lou, she is __________________. (friendly). (unfriendly)
2. The stock market crash of 1929 left my great-grandfather___________________. (penny) (penniless)
3. I have a class at 8:00 a.m. but I am always________________. (sleep) (sleepy)
4. I think we should try something else. That strategy seems way too________________. (risk) (risky)
5. When you work at a nuclear power plant, you have to be extremely _________________. (care) (careful)
6. I had to take three months off when I was pregnant, but my boss has been very ____________. (understand) (understanding)
Exercise 2: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất cho mỗi câu sau.
1. It isn’t quite_________that he will be present at the meeting. (certain)
A. right B. exact C. certain D. formal
2. As there was a _____________ cut in the hospital, the surgeon had to call off the operation. (power)
A.power B. powering C. powder D. powerful
3. Could you please_________an appointment for me to see Mr. Smith? (arrange)
A. manage B. arrange C. take D. have
4. The police_________her for helping the murderer to escape. (arrested)
A. caught B. searched C. brought D. arrested
5. When John_________in London, he went to see the Houses of Parliament. (arrived)
A. came B. reached C. arrived D. got
6. I read an interesting _________in a newspaper about farming today. (article)
A. article B. advertisement C. composition D. explanation
7. Students are expected to _________their classes regularly. (attend)
A. assist B. frequent C. attend D. present
8. Before you sign anything important, pay careful _________to all the conditions. (attention)
A.notice B. attention C. regards D. reference
9. In the central region the dry season is long and severe, and the _________annual rainfall is only about 70 cm. (average)
A. refreshing B. general C. average D. greatest
10. As soon as the children were_________, their mother got them out of bed and into the bathroom. (awake)
A. woke B. wake C. awake D. waken
Exercise 3: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để điền vào đoạn văn.
Chimpanzees in the wild like to snack on termites, and youngsters learn to fish for them by pocking long sticks and other (1)____(similar) tools into the mounds that large groups of termites build. Researchers found that (2)______(on) average female chimps in the Gombe National Park in Tanzania learnt how to do termite fishing at the age of 31 months, more than two years earlier than the males.
The females seem to learn by watching mothers. Researcher Dr. Elisabeth V. Lonsdorf, director of field conservation at the Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago, said that it is (3)_____(typical) to find that, when a young male and female are near a mound, ‘she’s really focusing on termite fishing and he’s spinning himself round (4)_______(in) circles’. Dr Landsdorf and colleagues are studying chimpanzees at the zoo with a new, specially created termite mound, filled with mustard (5)________(rather) than termites.
| Question 1: | A. relative | B. similar | C. close | D. connected |
| Question 2: | A. at | B. by | C. on | D. for |
| Question 3: | A. typical | B. regular | C. ordinary | D. frequent |
| Question 4: | A. in | B. with | C. to | D. through |
| Question 5: | A. other | B. else | C. instead | D. rather |
Exercise 4: Cho dạng đúng của những từ sau đây để tạo thành một bài Speaking part 2 hoàn chỉnh.
Well, I would like to talk about the final football match between U23 Vietnam and U23 Uzbekistan in Asian Football Championship in January, 2018.
You know, it is still spectacular and (1-impress)_______(impressive) although our team didn’t win the cup for the following two reasons. Firstly because the team contributed a (2-note)________(notable) performance in the decisive match under extremely (3-freeze)_________(freezing) weather. After (4-miracle)__________(miraculuos) victories over Iraq and Qatar, our team was expected to create another mircale and be the champion. The team played with all the strength and attempt they had despite the harsh weather condition.
Secondly, our team is the representative of patriotism and pride of (5-nation)__________(national) identity. As you know, thanks to excellent team spirit, the intense snow couldn’t prevent our boys from moving forward and fought couragously. They tried their best to bring the (6-prestige)__________(prestigous) trophy to our country. Vietnamese people as well as other countries’ residents really appreciated their constant effort throughout the tournament. Although we lost 1-2 by team Uzbekistan at the last minute and couldn’t claim championship, we have still felt so (7-pride)___________(proud) of our “heroes” and now they are the new-generation idols of our country.
Exercise 5: Mỗi câu sau đây chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.
1. Averagefamily size has increased from the Victorian era. (from > since)
2. The riches in Vietnam are becoming richer and richer. (The riches > The rich)
3. In 1892, the first long-distance telephone line between Chicago and New York was formally opening. (opening > opened)
4. Dietitians urge people to eat a banana a day to get potassium enough in their diet. (potassium enough > enough potassium)
5. Woody Guthriehas writtenthousands of songs during her lifetime, many of which became classic folk songs. (became > have become)
6. The development of transistors made possible it to reduce the size of many electronic devices. (made possible it > made it possible)
7. My father is a good family man, completely devoted for his wife and kids. (for > to)
8. The price of gold depends on several factor, including supply and demand in relation to the value of the dollar. (factor > factors)
9. Weatherand geography conditions may determine the type of transportation used in a region. (geography > geographical)
10. Those people were so friend that I didn’t want to say goodbye to them. (friend > friendly)
Exercise 6: Sắp xếp các tính từ sau theo đúng trật tự mô tả trong câu.
1. a long face (thin) > a long thin face
2. big clouds (black) > big black clouds
3. a sunny day (lovely) > a lovely sunny day
4. a wide avenue (long) > a long wide avenue
5. a metal box (black/ small) > a small black metal box
6. a big cat (fat/ black) > a big fat black cat
7. a /an little village (old/ lovely) > a lovely little old village
8. long hair (black/ beautiful) > beautiful long black hair
9. an /a old painting (interesting/ French) > an interesting old French painting
10. an/ a enormous umbrella (red/ yellow) > an enormous red and yellow umbrella
Nguồn: ielts-fighter.com